Nebulized Opioid Clinical Resource Guide
Nebulized opioids have been used for breathlessness due to their effect of reducing respiratory drive. There are two proposed mechanisms, including inhibition of acetylcholine release leading to induced contraction of the airway smooth muscle and another mechanism involving activation of opioid receptors associated with pulmonary nerve fibers leading to central neuronal activation. Administration of nebulized opioids has been seen as an attractive option due to the low cost, ease of use, and ready availability. The proposed mechanism of action of inhaled nebulized opioids is binding to the intrapulmonary opioid receptors relieves breathlessness. Due to limited systemic absorption, patients experience fewer side effects than when ingesting opioids....Download Full PDF
